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| Topic | Key Points | RN Role |
|---|---|---|
| 6 Rights | Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation | 투약 전 3회 확인 (처방–약–환자) |
| High-alert drugs | Insulin, Heparin, KCl, Opioid | Double check, independent verify |
| IV rate | Too fast = toxicity ↑ | 항생제·KCl 주입속도 필수 확인 |
| Drug | Toxic Sign | Antidote / RN Note |
|---|---|---|
| Digoxin | N/V, vision change (yellow/green halo), bradycardia | Digibind, hold if HR<60 |
| Phenytoin | Gingival hyperplasia, ataxia, rash | TDM 10–20 μg/mL, IV 느리게 (50mg/min 이하) |
| Theophylline | Tachycardia, seizure, arrhythmia | TDM 10–20, avoid caffeine |
| Lithium | Fine tremor→ coarse tremor, confusion | TDM 0.6–1.2, 수분/Na 섭취 유지 |
| Warfarin | Bleeding | Vitamin K |
| Heparin | Bleeding, HIT | Protamine sulfate |
| Opioids | RR↓, sedation | Naloxone |
| Benzodiazepine | Respiratory depression | Flumazenil |
| Drug | Therapeutic Range | RN Key Monitoring |
|---|---|---|
| Vancomycin | 10–20 μg/mL (trough) | Nephro/Ototoxicity, trough before 4th dose |
| Gentamicin | 5–10 peak / <2 trough | Kidney & ear function, avoid loop diuretics |
| Phenytoin | 10–20 | IV filter, flush NS only, no dextrose |
| Digoxin | 0.5–2.0 | HR <60 hold, electrolyte (K⁺↓ = toxicity↑) |
| Lithium | 0.6–1.2 | Na & fluid balance, dehydration 주의 |
| Class | Example | Key Caution |
|---|---|---|
| Penicillin/Cephalosporin | PCN, Ceftriaxone | Allergy 교차반응, 10% 알러지주의 |
| Aminoglycoside | Gentamicin, Tobramycin | Nephro/Ototoxic, TDM 필수 |
| Vancomycin | Vanco | Red man syndrome(급속주입), TDM |
| Macrolide | Erythro, Azithro | QT prolong, 간독성 |
| Fluoroquinolone | Ciprofloxacin | 건파열, 광과민, 18세 미만 금지 |
| Tetracycline | Doxycycline | 임산부·8세↓ 금지, 우유·철분 회피 |
| Sulfonamide | SMX/TMP | Crystalluria, hydration ↑, SJS 주의 |
| Metronidazole | Flagyl | 금주필수(Disulfiram 반응), 갈색뇨 정상 |
정리: 오늘의 간호사 Haley
📌 본문 내용은 오늘의 간호사 Haley의 저작물로 무단 복제·배포를 금합니다.
#NCLEX #Pharmacology #Antibiotics #TDM #Toxicity #Antidote #Vancomycin #Gentamicin #Digoxin #Lithium #Warfarin #MedicationSafety #RNexam #간호요약